Diabetes: Definition, Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment Essentials
An overview of the etiology of diabetes (including perspectives from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine), typical symptoms and signs, WHO-based diagnostic thresholds (e.g., FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, OGTT 2h ≥ 11.1 mmol/L), and key differential diagnoses. This article also distinguishes treatment strategies for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, emphasizing lifestyle interventions, individualized medication or insulin therapy, and regular monitoring.