Hemorrhoids include internal, external, and mixed hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids are soft masses formed by displacement and pathological enlargement of the anal cushions due to dilation of the venous plexus and laxity or disruption of the fibrous supporting structures. External hemorrhoids are raised soft masses caused by dilation of the subcutaneous blood vessels around the anus…
Anal fissures are ischemic ulcers that form when the skin of the anal canal below the dentate line splits longitudinally through its full thickness. They are most common in young and middle-aged adults. The mechanism of this condition is unclear; it is thought to be associated mainly with internal sphincter spasm and infection following injury….
Pediatric functional constipation (pediatric chronic constipation) refers to constipation in children under 18 years of age who have no more than two bowel movements per week, with hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass, after congenital megacolon has been ruled out. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), it falls within the category of “pediatric constipation.”…
Rectocele (RC) is a condition in which the anterior rectal wall and posterior vaginal wall bulge into the vagina during defecation, causing outlet obstructive defecation. It is one type of outlet obstruction syndrome and falls within the scope of “constipation” and “difficulty passing stools” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM Pattern Differentiation and Medication Reference…
Slow transit constipation (STC) is constipation associated with reduced intestinal motility and prolonged transit time, with symptoms lasting for more than one year, after other contributing causes and structural colorectal disease have been ruled out. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this condition falls within the category of “constipation.” TCM Pattern Identification and Medication Reference References
When perianal lesions are the predominant manifestation of Crohn’s disease, the condition is referred to as perianal Crohn’s disease (CD). It commonly presents with anal fistulas, perianal abscesses, superficial fissures, ulcers, perianal skin tags, and anorectal strictures. Its clinical presentation is complex, and it is frequently misdiagnosed. The disease is primarily associated with Crohn’s disease….
A rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and vagina through which intestinal secretions or stool may pass from the vagina. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this condition falls under the category of “穿阴瘘” (chuān yīn lòu, a fistula involving the vagina). TCM Pattern Identification and Medication Reference References
Internal rectal prolapse (IRP), also known as internal rectal prolapse or internal procidentia, accounts for a proportion of cases clinically classified as grade I rectal prolapse, alongside rectal mucosal prolapse. Mucosal prolapse most commonly occurs in the middle and upper parts of the anterior rectal wall. It is a type of defecatory disorder and is…
Sacrococcygeal teratoma refers to a teratoma located in the sacrococcygeal region. In traditional Chinese medicine, it falls within the categories of “hekouju” (crane-mouth carbuncle), “weilufa” (eruption at the coccygeal region), and “weilu suidao” (sinus tract at the coccygeal region). TCM Pattern Differentiation and Medication Reference References
An anal fistula is a chronic, pathological tract between the perianal skin and the rectum or anal canal. It usually forms after a perianal or anorectal abscess ruptures or is incised and drained. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this condition falls under the category of “gang lou” (anal fistula). TCM Pattern Differentiation and Medication Reference…
