Ulcerative colitis (UC), also known as chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis, is a nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine. Common clinical manifestations include abdominal pain and diarrhea, mucus and bloody or purulent stools, and tenesmus. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this condition falls within the category of…
Constipation is characterized by a reduced frequency of bowel movements, hard stools, and/or difficulty passing stool. A reduced frequency means fewer than 3 bowel movements per week. Difficulty passing stool includes straining, difficulty passing stool, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, prolonged time spent defecating, and the need for manual assistance. Chronic constipation lasts for at…
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible changes in pancreatic tissue and function caused by various factors. Its pathological features include atrophy and destruction of pancreatic acinar cells and interstitial fibrosis. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by recurrent upper abdominal pain and/or exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. It may also involve…
