Chronic prostatitis (CP) refers to a group of conditions characterized by symptoms and signs such as pain or discomfort in the pelvic region and urinary abnormalities. It can be classified as chronic bacterial prostatitis (Category II), chronic abacterial inflammatory prostatitis (Category IIIA), chronic abacterial non-inflammatory prostatitis (Category IIIB), and asymptomatic prostatitis (Category IV). The condition…
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common sexual disorders in middle-aged and older men. It is defined as the inability to achieve an erection or maintain one long enough for vaginal penetration and intercourse, or loss of erection during intercourse that prevents ejaculation, persisting or recurring for more than 3 months. TCM Pattern…
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in older men. Histologically, it is characterized by proliferation of the stromal and glandular components of the prostate; anatomically, it involves enlargement of the prostate. Its main clinical manifestations are lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Prostate volume is not directly proportional…
According to the WHO, infertility due to male factors is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after having regular sexual intercourse for more than one year without using any contraception. In TCM, this condition falls under the categories of “difficult conception” and “childlessness.” TCM Pattern Differentiation and Treatment Reference References
Qingshedu (Green Snake Toxin) is a thrombotic, inflammatory condition affecting the superficial veins of the limbs. It is characterized by raised, cord-like superficial veins that are red, worm-like in appearance, firm, and painful. It occurs most often in young and middle-aged adults, usually in the limbs and less often in the chest or abdominal wall….
Gǔ zhǒng (thigh swelling) refers to abnormal clot formation in the deep veins, leading to venous obstruction and impaired blood return. Its four main manifestations are limb swelling, pain, increased local skin temperature, and distended superficial veins. It most commonly affects the iliac and femoral veins and the femoral and popliteal veins of the lower…
Tuoju (gangrene of the extremities) is a chronic peripheral vascular disease affecting the ends of the limbs. In severe cases, the toes or fingers become gangrenous and slough off. It is also known as tuogu ju (bone-detaching gangrene). It typically affects the ends of the limbs, most often the lower extremities. Early symptoms may include…
A venomous snakebite occurs when venom enters the body through a wound caused by a venomous snake, resulting in acute systemic poisoning. The condition can develop suddenly and progress rapidly. Without prompt treatment, it can be life-threatening. Approximately 219 snake species are known in China, of which more than 50 are venomous. Ten species pose…
Intestinal carbuncle is one of the common acute surgical abdominal conditions. It is characterized by pain that migrates to the right lower abdomen, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever, with localized tenderness or guarding in the right lower abdomen. In modern medicine, it corresponds to acute appendicitis. Pathologically, acute appendicitis can be broadly classified into…
