Edema refers to the retention of fluids in the body, with fluid overflowing into the skin and causing swelling of the eyelids, head and face, limbs, abdomen and back, or even the whole body. Severe cases may be accompanied by pleural effusion, ascites, and other conditions. The condition is often caused by external pathogens, dietary…
Lin syndrome refers to a group of disorders caused by dietary factors, overexertion, or invasion by damp-heat. The main pathomechanisms are kidney deficiency, damp-heat in the bladder, and impaired qi transformation. Its principal clinical manifestations include frequent, urgent urination; dribbling that does not fully stop; painful, difficult urination; lower abdominal tension; and pain radiating to…
Lin syndrome refers to a group of disorders caused by factors such as improper diet, overexertion, and invasion by dampness-heat. Its main pathomechanisms are kidney deficiency, dampness-heat in the urinary bladder, and impaired qi transformation. It is characterized clinically by frequent, urgent urination; dribbling or incomplete emptying; urethral soreness or pain; lower abdominal cramping; and…
Lin syndrome refers to a group of conditions attributed to dietary factors, overexertion, or invasion by damp-heat. Its main pathomechanisms are kidney deficiency, damp-heat in the bladder, and impaired qi transformation. It is primarily characterized by frequent, urgent urination; dribbling after urination; painful, difficult urination; cramping in the lower abdomen; and pain radiating to the…
Lin syndrome (strangury) refers to a group of disorders attributed to dietary factors, overexertion, or invasion by damp-heat. Its main pathomechanisms include kidney deficiency, damp-heat in the bladder, and impaired qi transformation. Its principal clinical manifestations are frequent, urgent urination; dribbling or incomplete urination; urethral discomfort or pain; cramping in the lower abdomen; and pain…
Urinary retention (long bi) is a disorder characterized by reduced urine output and difficulty urinating, which may progress to complete urinary obstruction. When urination is impaired, with only a small amount of urine passing drop by drop and a slower course, it is called long; when urination is obstructed and no urine passes, with a…
Low back pain (LBP) in TCM refers to a disorder characterized primarily by pain in the lumbar spine or the area alongside it. It may result from external pathogenic factors, internal injury, or sprains and strains that impede the flow of qi and blood in the lower back or deprive it of nourishment. In modern…
Blood disorders arise when heat damages the blood vessels, Qi fails to contain the blood, or blood stasis obstructs the vessels, causing blood to flow outside its normal channels. Their main clinical features include bleeding from the mouth, nose, or other orifices; bleeding from the upper or lower body openings; or purplish skin spots. Hematuria…
Blood disorders in TCM are conditions in which blood does not follow its normal pathways and escapes from the vessels. This may be due to heat damaging the blood vessels, qi failing to contain the blood, or blood stasis obstructing the vessels. They are primarily characterized by bleeding from the mouth, nose, or other orifices,…
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a clinical syndrome in which the renal parenchyma is severely damaged against a background of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of various causes, leading to a gradual, progressive decline in kidney function and eventual failure. Clinically, it is characterized mainly by a decreased glomerular filtration rate, retention of metabolic waste, and…
